answers1: DNA testing reveals ancient ancestral genetic background,
not what is consider modern coding. <br>
DNA is more that a test to reveal that your ancestor were Irish, in
fact it is doubtful that the results would show "Irish" as that is a
relative new country. You might want to carefully read what DNA
testing can and cannot provide at the present time before you spend
the money, so you will not be disappointed in the results. <br>
<br>
Also Genetics is not the same a Genealogy. Genealogy is the study and
documentation of a specific ancestral lineage within a specific
family.
answers2: I admire Velvet Revolver since they have the great guitarist
minimize and nonetheless the entire GNR crue besides of direction
Axle. At first I was once a bit skeptical that Scott Wielder from STP
would be a just right lead for them, but after observing them preform
live twice they most likely rock. My favourite band earlier than they
broke up was Smashing Pumpkins most often for the same motive you like
Pearl Jam
answers3: What exactly are you trying to find out? Shirley has given
you a good overview of the types of tests available. If you are mostly
looking to get a fairly accurate idea of all your ancient ancestors,
and nothing more, your best choice is The Genographic Project by
National Geographic Geno 2.0 <br>
<a href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/"
rel="nofollow"class=Clr-b>https://genographic.nationalgeographic.c...</a>
<br>
<br>
Understand that the ethnic breakdown analysis is a very new science
and more is being learned all the time. Do not take the results too
seriously. <br>
<br>
If you might want additional more recent genealogy information, three
of the most respected genealogy DNA testing companies are FamilyTree
DNA, 23 and Me and Ancestry. Each has strengths and weaknesses. <br>
<br>
FamilyTree DNA has a large database and most of their subscribers are
interested in genealogy and have some degree of a family tree. Their
Family Finder test is by far the most expensive. <br>
<br>
23andMe has the lowest cost and the largest database, but less than
half their subscribers are interested in genealogy. They test for
potential health issues as well as autosomal DNA. They are widely
considered to have the best ethnic breakdown of the big three. <br>
<br>
Ancestry DNA is the new kid on the block in autosomal DNA testing, and
their database is growing rapidly, BUT they are only selling kits in
the US at this time. Their ethnic breakdown is considered the least
accurate. <br>
<br>
ADD For more current up-to-date genetic genealogy information I suggest <br>
Trace Your Roots with DNA by Megan Smolenyak Smolenyak & Ann Turner <br>
DNA and Social Networking: A Guide to Genealogy in the 21st Century by
Debbie Kennett
answers4: First, do some reading. Since you seem to think that an
Irishman has always been an Irishman, start by reading the history of
Ireland. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ireland"
rel="nofollow"class=Clr-b>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_...</a>
<br>
<br>
Then read some books about genetic genealogy, such as: <br>
"Mapping Human History: Discovering the Past Through Our Genes" by
Steve Olson <br>
"The Seven Daughters of Eve" by Bryan Sykes <br>
"The Blood of the Isles" by Bryan Sykes <br>
<br>
Remember that DNA tests work only in a straight lline: mtDNA goes
mother to mother to mother, back to Eve; yDNA goes father to father to
father, back to Adam. <br>
<br>
Go for the test: you will find that you have Welsh, English, Scottish,
Danish, French, etc. ancestry.
answers5: There are 4 types of DNA, Y, X, Mitochondrial and Autosomal. <br>
<br>
Y & X are sex chromosomes. The Y is passed from father to son. About
1 out of 6 females will get a Y from their father. The reason they
are the female phenotype is they are totally insensitive to
testosterone. So although they have the male sex chromosomes. in
their hormones they are totally estrogen. I read recently that they
will frequently be softer, larger through the breast than xx females.
<br>
They are born without ovaries but about 11% of them will have a
uterus. I read on the genetics section of Stanford University that
one gave birth by having an egg inserted in her uterus. In times past
most did not know they had the male chromosome until they went through
puberty. <br>
<br>
Both males and females get an X from their mother but in addition
about 5 out of 6 females get a X from their father. The X has been
considered untraceable but it is being used in the Geno 2,0 testing
along with Autosomal by National Geographic. <br>
<br>
Mitochondrial is in the cytoplasm outside your cells. Mitochondrial
is passed from mother to both sons and daughters but only the
daughters pass it to the next generation. Mitochondrial should not be
confused with the X. <br>
<br>
Autosomal is what most of your DNA is. I read on a website once that
you don't get it 50-50 from both parents. However information from a
molecular biologist on the Biology Board said the website is wrong.
You do get it 50-50 from both parents but not necessarily 25% from
each of your 4 grandparents. The reason what you inherited can be
biased between grandmother and grandfather on both sides of the
family. When your parents passed on their Autosomal they received
from their parents to you it was randomly jumbled and went through a
process of recombination. Any bias you inherited will not be the same
for your siblings. Your Autosomal will probably be similar but
sometimes it can be very different. <br>
<br>
Now since the late 70s people have used Y & Mitochondrial for
genealogy purposes. It comes down in a straight line unchanged
barring mutations. So if you run into someone you feel like are in
your direct male or female line and you both are tested then you are
in a position to share genealogical information. With both they will
assign you to a Haplogroup and can show you the origin of nomadic
ancestors going way back. However neither are good to give you an
overall view of your ancestry as you get each from only one person in
each generation you go back. If you are able to have both tested by
the time you got back to your 16 great great grandparents, 14 of them
will be excluded from the results. <br>
<br>
Autosomal is used in the overall ancestral testing. There are no
Haplogroups with Autosomal. It is not as exacting as Y &
Mitochondrial. Pretty much the only thing companies can do is match
you with population samples in their database. So since they don't
all have the same database and some might be deficient in some
population samples or not have certain population samples another has
and vice versa it has been reported that if your Autosomal is tested
by different companies you will get different results. This type of
testing has been over hyped on TV. Anytime they give you a pie chart
or just a percentage breakdown of various European ancestries be a
little skeptical. One thing there is no such thing as racial,
national, ethnicity, ancestral purity. Countries have invaded others.
Boundaries have been changed. New nations brought into existence.
<br>
<br>
There are several companies doing this type of testing. FamilyTreeDNA,
23andme, Ancestry.Com and DNATribes. For FamilyTreeDNA the $289
Family Finder Test is the Autosomal test and they can also match you
with cousins in their database going back 5 generations on all sides
of your family. The catch is you have to have cousins that have had
their DNA tested by them. Ancestry.Com can do the same with your
cousins on all sides but you have to had cousins that have been tested
through Ancestry.Com. 23andme will also use your Autosomal for genetic
illnesses. <br>
<br>
DNATribes will not attempt to give you a breakdown but will give you
your top 20 matches in descending order, including specific countries.
They will you additional matches for an additional fee.They are not
saying you have ancestors from all those countries put match
population groups to some extent. They onlly do Autosomal. <br>
<br>
Don't take any tests without asking as many questions in advance that
you have. Actually for FamilyTreeDNA and DNATribes if you go under
Feedback at the top there is a way you can email them and ask
questions. I have found them both to be very prompt at replying.
<br>
DNA testing in isolation of traditional genealogy I don't believe is
really all that helpful.
answers6: I am in the UK and DNA genealogy research is not so popular
here as in the US for that very reason. Most people know where there
ancestors came from, while in the US a lot of people get family
stories and legends about their origins that need to be checked out
scientifically. <br>
<br>
The best bet is to trace as much of your ancestry as you can and then
see if any kind of DNA research can help. Remember that Ireland had a
lot of settlers from England at the time of the Plantation Acts and
they may have had ancestors from other places in Europe. <br>
<br>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652"
rel="nofollow"class=Clr-b>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_for_the...</a>
<br>
Although this was for the English upper classes to take over Irish
estates, they would have taken other English servants and assistants
with them, and this would have led to a large influx of poorer English
families who intermarried with the Irish..
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